29.4% of U.S. homeowners with a mortgage spent 30% or more of their household income on housing costs in 2024, according to the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. That was 15,134,402 households. 6,246,568, or 12.1%, spent half their income or more.
Renters were under more strain. 51.8% of renters paid 30% or more of their income in rent and utilities, and 26.1% paid half or more.
The share of mortgage holders at 30% or more was highest in Hawaii (39.7%), California (39.4%) and Florida (38.3%), and lowest in West Virginia (19.6%). It rose from 2023 in 35 of the 51 states and D.C.
What the figures measure
For homeowners with a mortgage, housing costs include the mortgage payment, property taxes, homeowners insurance, utilities and fuel, and condo or mobile home fees where they apply. For renters, they include rent and utilities. Costs are compared with the household’s income over the previous 12 months. Spending 30% or more on housing is the common federal measure of being “cost-burdened”; 50% or more is often called severely cost-burdened.
Shares exclude households for which the Census Bureau could not compute a ratio, such as those with no income or a loss. The figures are survey estimates and have margins of error, which are larger for small states. Changes of less than a point or so from 2023 may not be meaningful.
By state
| State | Owners with a mortgage paying 30%+ | Paying 50%+ | Change in 30%+ share from 2023 (points) | Renters paying 30%+ | Renters paying 50%+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii | 39.7% | 16.9% | -0.8 | 55.0% | 28.1% |
| California | 39.4% | 17.8% | +0.7 | 55.8% | 29.0% |
| Florida | 38.3% | 17.0% | +1.9 | 62.1% | 32.1% |
| Rhode Island | 34.0% | 13.7% | +4.5 | 51.1% | 26.2% |
| New York | 33.6% | 15.3% | -0.3 | 51.5% | 28.6% |
| Nevada | 33.1% | 14.5% | +2.1 | 57.6% | 29.4% |
| Montana | 32.2% | 12.0% | +1.6 | 42.7% | 18.9% |
| New Jersey | 32.0% | 12.9% | +0.2 | 52.2% | 26.1% |
| Colorado | 32.0% | 12.4% | +0.9 | 52.5% | 25.1% |
| Oregon | 31.4% | 12.5% | -0.4 | 52.3% | 26.6% |
| Washington | 30.9% | 12.0% | +0.4 | 50.7% | 23.8% |
| Texas | 30.8% | 12.4% | +0.5 | 52.7% | 25.5% |
| Massachusetts | 30.7% | 12.6% | -0.1 | 52.4% | 26.0% |
| Connecticut | 30.3% | 11.8% | +0.4 | 54.1% | 27.8% |
| Arizona | 30.1% | 12.4% | +2.3 | 52.4% | 25.1% |
| Wyoming | 30.0% | 12.1% | +2.0 | 42.9% | 18.8% |
| Louisiana | 30.0% | 13.5% | +1.0 | 54.1% | 28.4% |
| Georgia | 28.8% | 12.2% | +1.6 | 53.1% | 26.6% |
| Vermont | 28.6% | 10.8% | +0.2 | 48.8% | 23.6% |
| Maryland | 28.2% | 11.5% | +1.3 | 51.5% | 25.7% |
| Idaho | 28.1% | 10.9% | -0.4 | 48.4% | 23.4% |
| New Mexico | 28.0% | 12.1% | -0.4 | 48.4% | 25.7% |
| New Hampshire | 28.0% | 10.3% | -0.2 | 49.4% | 23.2% |
| Utah | 27.6% | 10.1% | +1.0 | 48.2% | 21.3% |
| Delaware | 27.4% | 9.9% | +1.2 | 50.3% | 24.2% |
| South Carolina | 27.4% | 11.1% | +2.9 | 52.6% | 26.6% |
| Illinois | 27.3% | 11.4% | +0.4 | 48.7% | 24.8% |
| Alaska | 26.9% | 10.2% | -3.1 | 41.5% | 18.4% |
| Maine | 26.7% | 10.9% | -2.1 | 50.2% | 23.2% |
| North Carolina | 26.5% | 10.6% | +1.4 | 51.5% | 24.9% |
| Virginia | 26.4% | 10.3% | +1.0 | 49.3% | 23.9% |
| Mississippi | 26.2% | 11.5% | -0.7 | 50.3% | 25.6% |
| District of Columbia | 25.7% | 9.7% | +2.1 | 47.7% | 25.0% |
| Oklahoma | 25.6% | 10.2% | +0.2 | 46.1% | 21.8% |
| Alabama | 25.6% | 11.3% | +2.3 | 48.2% | 24.4% |
| Tennessee | 25.4% | 9.7% | +0.7 | 50.2% | 23.3% |
| Minnesota | 24.7% | 9.3% | +0.5 | 47.7% | 23.0% |
| Nebraska | 24.5% | 9.3% | +2.0 | 46.5% | 21.2% |
| Pennsylvania | 24.2% | 9.7% | -0.1 | 49.4% | 26.0% |
| South Dakota | 24.1% | 7.2% | -0.6 | 41.9% | 16.8% |
| Michigan | 24.0% | 9.3% | -0.1 | 51.2% | 26.8% |
| Missouri | 23.6% | 9.3% | +1.5 | 45.2% | 21.7% |
| Kansas | 23.1% | 8.9% | -1.3 | 43.4% | 20.4% |
| Wisconsin | 23.1% | 8.7% | +0.2 | 44.9% | 21.3% |
| Arkansas | 23.1% | 9.0% | +0.2 | 45.5% | 20.3% |
| Kentucky | 22.9% | 9.2% | +0.1 | 45.2% | 23.0% |
| Ohio | 22.6% | 8.5% | +1.4 | 47.7% | 24.6% |
| Indiana | 22.1% | 7.9% | +0.9 | 48.5% | 24.1% |
| Iowa | 21.2% | 7.6% | -0.5 | 43.2% | 21.7% |
| North Dakota | 20.2% | 6.5% | +0.9 | 36.1% | 16.8% |
| West Virginia | 19.6% | 8.6% | -0.3 | 47.0% | 24.4% |
50 states and D.C., sorted by the share of mortgage holders paying 30% or more. Shares and changes are our calculations from tables B25091 and B25070, 2024 and 2023 1-year estimates. The CSV includes household counts.
Source
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2024 and 2023, tables B25091 (Mortgage Status by Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentage of Household Income) and B25070 (Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income), retrieved from the Census Bureau API on October 25, 2026. This product uses the Census Bureau Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the Census Bureau. Our table is available under CC BY 4.0. Credit "My Credit Guide (mycreditguide.org)".
Steven Reynolds, "Mortgage Payment Burden by State," My Credit Guide, October 25, 2026, https://mycreditguide.org/data/mortgage-payment-burden-by-state/.